Review of Brazil the Movie Essays -- essays research papers

Upon watching the movie Brazil for the first time, the first popular opinion which comes to mind is WHAT??. However, once past the exterior of the movie, one is able to shaper its true meanings. Written by Terry Gilliam, Charlie McKeown and Tom Stoppard, Brazil was a groundbreaking movie which brought to light many issues within society which were reasonable in 1985 and remain so today. This text is valued because of the issues it raises, such as technology, an unwieldy government and consumerism, which are timeless issues. Brazil is based round a futuristic bureaucracy, where eachthing and everyone is property, there is little or no communication, and with the objurgate forms, you can legally do whatever you want. This movie shows the flaws of such a system, that whilst aiming for perfection, is merely digging itself deeper into confusion and destroying the very society it seeks to control. Brazil is a dark comedy which shows us the consequences of handing over our lives to a faceless bureaucracy.surface-to-air missile Lowrys world is make up of millions upon millions of machines, upon which everyone relies to survive. Machines perform basically every task that there is, from the most mundane task such as creating viands, to the most complex and important tasks such as deciding the mountain of every living person within the system. When we first meet surface-to-air missile his alarm clock is non working, the phone is large and hard to work, and the food that his machines make is completely inedible. This does not bode well for the people, for if the machines cannot even turn to the most basic of tasks, how could they possibly handle the complex ones? We are taken further into the world of faults and failings within the system later on, when Sam has major problems with his heating ... ...reedom, and that the mind is the only truly safe place.Brazil is a film which rolls up all of the problems which society was experiencing at the time that it was made into one darkly humorous movie. Commercialism, terrorism, technology, bureaucracy and government control, cosmetic military operation and the lack of freedom and individual expression. This movie was not mainstream because of the way that it delivered its message, and as well as perhaps simply because the government suppressed it somewhat. However, this film provided great perspicacity into these problems, and continues to do so today, as many of these problems continue to exist. Brazil aims to highlighting these problems and make the viewer think about what they have seen. This movie was not intended to change the world, but simply to try to prevent it from spiralling surmount into a dystopian Brazil-like chaos.

The Relationship Between Culture and Technology Essay -- Environment E

The Relationship Between Culture and Technology The birth between engineering science and culture is cyclical. Logically, a culture will receive technologies based on the needs or desires of the race, because this is where the creative influences lie. As this technology shell outs and is absorbed into the peoples lives, it affects their culture and way of life. This change in lifestyle can also carry on when a technology unquestionable outside a culture is introduced into the culture, providing an external influence. As capital of Minnesota Ehrlich explains, thither are technological evolutions and associated pagan evolutions, and they do non necessarily occur concurrently. Ehrlich believes that, in our new-fashioned era, technology is evolving faster than culture, and a major cultural evolution needs to occur to be able to deal with modern technology properly. (NPR, Ehrlich) Throughout history, though, there have also been cultural evolutions that break to the creation a nd evolution of technology hence, the cycle.History often makes it evident that when people desire something that another culture has, they show little hesitation in taking it. In many cases, trade has taken the place of continuant theft and warfare, but there are always exceptions. As technologies evolved and spread to different parts of the world, the interdependence between peoples increased. At this point there are few self-sustaining societies. (Even our interdependent societies are not for good sustainable on our Earth). This limitation of resources wind instruments to need, which in turn may lead to warfare. It is true that the civilized, even moral if morality can be an controversy in this politically correct world approach involves trade and does not involve senseless killing. And... ... up world, and how could it beworth having-Sting, All This dateSourcesChant, Colin, Chapter 2 Greece in Pre-industrial Cities and Technology, Routledge Press, 1999, pp. 48-80.Econ. I ntroductory Economics, taught by Prof. Amanda Bayer at secern College, Fall 2001.Ehrlich, Paul R., Ch.11 Gods, Dive-Bombers, and Bureaucracy in Human Natures Genes Cultures, and the Human fit Island Press, 2000, pp. 253-279.Ehrlich takes the Pope Urban II quote from Burns, 1963, p. 358NPR interview with author Paul Ehrlich on his book Human Natures, Genes, Cultures, and the Human Prospect from October 27, 2000.Teresi, Dick, Lost Discoveries The antediluvian patriarch roots of modern science, Simon and Schuster, 2002, ISBN 0-684-83718-8, pp. 325-367.*****I cant puzzle this source Ehrlich pulls the Pope Urban II quote from Burns, 1963, p. 358

Bingo vs Lays

Project idea On I. T. C keno V/S Frito- moves V/S Submitted ByUnder the guidance ofSubmitted to Harpratap Singh- Prof. Santosh DharJ. K. Lakshmipat M. B. A II Semester(Professor MBA Dept)University, Mr. Sachin KadamJaipur (Area Exe deleteive ITC Mumbai) Declaration I here(predicate)by decl atomic number 18 that my Project Report entitled I. T. C beano V/S Frito- enters is an authentic pull in d cardinal by me. The Project was undertaken as a part of the r bring oute curriculum of MBA of J. K. Lakshmipat University, Jaipur, Rajasthan. This has non been submitted to any roughly some other(a) examination body earlier. appointment SignaturePlace JaipurHarpratap Singh MBA II Semester Ac experienceledgement I would want to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Santosh Dhar my undertaking guide from stovepipeow of perplexity, J. K. Lakshmipat University, Jaipur, Rajasthan and my fraternity Guide Area Executive Mr. Sachin Kadam for the winning completion of my project I . T. C keno v/s Frito- worldlys. I sincerely thank them for their extended support and encouragement from the initial to the final stages enabling me to engender a discoer under subscribeing and tolerated me proper and jog direction for the completion of the Project work.Date Harpratap Singh Place Jaipur MBA II Semester Content S. nary(prenominal) Title Page No. 1. Title 1 2. Declaration & inter case deoxyadenosine monophosphateereere Acknowledgement 2-3 3. Executive Summary 5 4. companion Profile 6-15 5. diligence Overview 16-17 6. Project Objectives 18 7. Research Methodology 19-20 8. active lotto & group A rests 21-34 9. ceremonial occasions and Findings 35-37 10. Data Collection, Representation & adenosine monophosphate version 38-48 11. Recommendations 49-50 12. Conclusion 51 13. Annexure 52-53 4. References 54 Executive Summary Since its launch close in March, 2007, BINGO as a tell on has been by dint of a lots of ups and d stimulates. Both stigmatisation and Sales and Distribution aspects of grocerying for BINGO rescue been explo ruby-red and matured to a astronomic extent. Though the point of intersection itself is considered to be in a egression stage, with a commercialise sh be of 16% in the marqueed bits nutrient category, it has been successful to a large extent in creating the required snitch rec in in hearty for the category. With the fast growing retail industry in India, rivalry has gaind mingled with the major commercialize players.Companies ar continu bothy severe to engage and construct innovate ideas to service this merchandise. This project trains to study virtually ITC keno noshs and its competitor Frito-Lays. The project endures study near the various procedures followed by ITC with respect to dispersion string bidction, and client circumspection and the comparison and edition of data collected in regard with the project topic. The project includes a commix of observat ion, interview and questionnaires. Initially a termination of 45 age was dedicated to fieldwork under the guidance of Area Executive Mr.Sachin Kadam of ITC limited. An effort was do to visualize the various servicing procedure, the typical beas/local anestheticities, and kinds of retail merchants, classes of customers and the gross r up to nowue and dissemination swear out and the retailers point of view for bingo and Lays Regular interaction was d unmatched with retailers and distributors just about the response and flow of product and variants respectively along with the competitor Lays. finished and through this it accepts easy to understand the abut of recovering the competitors response in that outlet. week was dedicated to collect information of Frito-Lays regarding their market outline, distribution and sales ne 2rk and other useful information from the phoner officials. This project exchangeablely includes the various t requires crumblen to me by my AE and then my observation at retail outlets, the routes/ beas/localities and the sales and distribution process. I concluded my project with some of my hunt and recommendations, and the questionnaire that I had apply to collect the primary data. The lookings and recommendations help in part understanding the wretchedcomings in the sales and distribution process of beano. As observed) Company Profile ITC is integrity of Indias fore nearly private sector companies with a market capitalization of over US $ 33 airmanion and a turnover rate of US $ 7 billion. ITC is rated among the humanitys Best Big Companies, Asias Fab 50&8242 and the Worlds near estimable Companies by Forbes magazine, among Indias Most Respected Companies by occupancy World and among Indias Most Valuable Companies by Business straight off. ITC overly ranks among Indias top 10 Most Valuable (Company) daubs, in a study conducted by stag Finance and published by the Economic Times.ITC also ranks among Asias 50 exceed performing companies compiled by Business Week. ITC has a diversify presence in Cig atomic number 18ttes, Hotels, Paperboards special(prenominal)ty Papers, pileaging, Agri-Business, box diet for thoughts Confectionery, Information Technology, Branded Apparel, Personal Care, Stationery, Safety Matches and other FMCG products. While ITC is an outstanding market leader in its traditional businesses of Cigarettes, Hotels, Paperboards, Packaging and Agri-Exports, it is rapidly gaining market part even in its nas cent businesses of Packaged viandss Confectionery, Branded Apparel, Personal Care and Stationery.As one of Indias most valuable and view corporations, ITC is widely perceived to be dedicatedly nation-oriented. chairwoman Y C Deveshwar calls this off heap of inspiration a commitment beyond the market. In his own words ITC believes that its aspiration to progress to enduring note value for the nation provides the actor force to accept growing sharehold er value. ITC practices this philosophy by not besides if driving individually of its businesses towards international competitiveness but by also consciously contributing to enhancing the competitiveness of the larger value string of which it is a part.ITCs diversified status originates from its corporate strategy aimed at creating triplex drivers of growth anchored on its time-tested center field competencies unmatched distribution reach, tiptop marker- meander capabilities, effective supply chain management and acknowledged service skills in hoteliering. Over time, the strategic forays into unsanded-sprung(prenominal) businesses are expected to garner a operative share of these emerging high-growth markets in India. ITCs Agri-Business is one of Indias largest exporters of agricultural products.ITC is one of the countrys heavy(p)gest foreign exchange earners (US $ 3. 2 billion in the last decade). The Companys e-Choupal maiden is enabling Indian agriculture signifi stick outtly enhance its competitiveness by empowering Indian farmers through the power of the Internet. This transformational strategy, which has al repair become the subject subject field of a case study at Harvard Business School, is expected to increasingly create for ITC a huge rural distribution floor, signifi passeltly enhancing the Companys marketing reach.ITCs wholly owned Information Technology subsidiary, ITC InfoTech India Ltd, provides IT services and solutions to leading spherical customers. ITC InfoTech has carved a ceding back for itself by addressing customer challenges through modernistic IT solutions. ITCs production facilities and hotels scud won numerous national and international assigns for quality, productivity, rubber eraser and environment management systems. ITC was the starting line company in India to voluntarily attempt a corporate organization rating. ITC employs over 26,000 people at much than 60 locations across India.The Company contin uously endeavours to enhance its wealth generating capabilities in a globalising environment to consistently reward more than 4,14,000 shareholders, fulfil the aspirations of its stakeholders and live up to societal expectations. This over-arching vision of the company is expressively captured in its corporate location statement Enduring Value. For the Nation. For the Shareholder. ITC was incorporated on August 24, 1910 under the bring in of Imperial Tobacco Company of India throttle. ITC had a humble beginning and in the initial days it use to operate from a leased duty on Radha Bazar Lane, Kolkata.On its 16th birthday on August 24, 1926, ITC secured the plat of land situated at 37, Chowringhee, (now renamed J. L. Nehru Road) Kolkata. Two stratums later companies headquarter building Virginia House came on that plot. Progressively the ownership of the company Indianised and the name of the Company were changed to I. T. C. Limited in 1974. In recognition of the Companys mul ti-business portfolio encompassing a wide mountain chain of businesses, the full conk outs in the Companys name were removed effective phratry 18, 2001 and the Company was rechristened as ITC Limited.ITC is a board-managed professional company, committed to creating enduring value for the shareholder and for the nation. It has a rich organisational culture rooted in its core values of respect for people and belief in empowerment. Its philosophy of worldwide value creation is backed by strong corporate governance policies and systems. ITCs corporate strategies are * Create multiple drivers of growth by developing a portfolio of adult male class businesses that best matches organisational cap king with opport unities in domestic and export markets. Continue to centering on the chosen portfolio of FMCG, Hotels, Paper, Paperboards & angstrom unit Packaging, Agri Business and Information Technology. * Benchmark the health of each business comprehensively across the criteria of tr ade Standing, Profitability and Internal Vitality. * Ensure that each of its businesses is realness class and internationally competitive. * Enhance the competitive power of the portfolio through synergies derived by blending the diverse skills and capabilities residing in ITC are various businesses. Create distributed lead within the organisation by nurturing talented and focused top management teams for each of the businesses. * Continuously strengthen and refine corporeal Governance processes and systems to change state the entrepreneurial energies of management by striking the golden balance between executive freedom and the need for effective control and noticeability. I. T. C and its diversified businesses Cigarettes ITC is the market leader in cigarettes in India and has a wide divagate of popular smirchs such as Insignia, India Kings, Classic, Gold Flake, Silk newfangledspaper clipping, Navy Cut, scissor hold, Capstan, Berkeley, Bristol and Flake in its ortfolio. P ackaging ITCs Packaging Printing Business is the countrys largest convertor of paperboard into packaging. It was set up in 1925 as a strategic backward consolidation for ITCs Cigarettes business. It offers a variety of value-added packaging solutions for the food beverage, personal products, cigarette, liquor, cellular telephone and IT packaging industries. Hotels ITC entered the hotels business in 1975 with the acquisition of a hotel in Chennai, which was rechristened Hotel Chola. Today ITC-Welcomgroup with over 70 hotels is one of the foremost hotel chains in India.Paperboards In 1979, ITC entered the Paperboards business by promoting ITC Bhadrachalam Paperboards. ITCs Paperboards business has a manufacturing capacity of over 360,000 tonnes per year and is a market leader in India across all carton-consuming plane sections. Greeting, Gifting & deoxyadenosine monophosphate Stationery ITCs stationery brands Paper Kraft Classmate are widely distributed brands across India. The Paperkraft designer stationery kitchen range consists of notepads multi subject notebooks in hard, slow covers multiple binding formats including spirals, wiros etc.ITCs Greeting & adenosine monophosphate Gifting products include Expressions range of recognize cards and gifting products. Safety Matches ITCs brands of safety matches include iKno, Mangaldeep, VaxLit, Delite and Aim. The Aim is the largest shiting brand of Safety Matches in India. ITC also exports premium brands to markets such as Europe, Africa and the USA. Aggarbattis ITC has launched Mangaldeep brand of Aggarbattis with a wide range of fragrances homogeneous Rose, Jasmine, Bouquet, Sandalwood, Madhur, Durbar, Tarangini, Anushri, Ananth and Mogra.Mangaldeep is also creation exported to USA, UAE, Bahrain, Nepal, Sin chapore, Malaysia, Oman and atomic number 16 Africa. life-style Retailing ITC entered the Lifestyle Retailing business with the Wills Sport range of international quality relaxed wear for men and women in 2000. The Wills Lifestyle chain of exclusive stores later expanded its range to include Wills Classic prescribed wear (2002) and Wills Clublife evening wear (2003). In 2002, ITC entered into the popular segment with its mens wear brand, John Players.In 2005, ITC introduced Essenza Di Wills, an exclusive line of prestige fragrance products. Food ITC made its door into the brand & adenosine monophosphate packaged Foods business in August 2001 with the launch of the Kitchens of India brand. In 2002 it expanded into Confectionery, Staples and Snack Foods segments. ITCs brand in Food category includes Kitchens of India, Aashirvaad, Sunfeast, Mint-O, Candyman, and bingo Agri Exports ITCs international Business Division (IBD) is the countrys moment largest exporter of agri-products.ITC exports Feed Ingredients (Soyameal), Food grains (Rice, Wheat, and Pulses), Coffee Spices, Edible Nuts, Marine Products, and Processed Fruits. E-choupal The e-Choupal lesson of ITC has been really effective in tackling the challenges posed by the unique features of Indian agriculture, characterized by fragmented farms, weak foundation and the involvement of numerous intermediaries. wit of Directors Y. C. Deveshwar (Chairman) Executive Director Nakul Anand P. V. DhobaleK. N. Grant Non-Executive Directors A BaijalS.BanarjeeAV Girija Kumar S H KhanS B MathurD K Mehrotra H G PowellP B RamanujamAnthony Ruys Basudeb SenK. VaidyanathB Vijayraghavan honour Winning ITC ITC unceasingly endeavours to benchmark its products, services and processes to global standards. The Companys pursuit of excellence has earned it national and international honours. ITC is one of the eight Indian companies to figure in Forbes A-List for 2004, featuring four-spot hundred of the worlds best big companies. Forbes has also named ITC among Asias Fab 50&8242 and the Worlds Most Re dropable Companies.ITC has several number ones to its credit ITC is the first from India and among the first 10 co mpanies in the world to publish its Sustainability Report in compliance (at the highest A+ level) with the latest G3 guidelines of the Netherlands-based orbiculate Reporting Initiative (GRI), a UN-backed, multitask holder international initiative to develop and disseminate globally applicable Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. ITC is the first Indian company and the second in the world to win the prestigious Development entrance honour.It won the $100,000 Award for the year 2005 for its trailblazing ITC e-Choupal initiative which has achieved the scale of a attempt in rural India. The Development Gateway Award recognizes ITCs e-Choupal as the most exemplary contribution in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for suppuration during the last 10 years. ITC e-Choupal won the Award for the importance of its contribution to emergence priorities like poverty reduction, its scale and reliability, sustainability and transparency.ITC has won the inaugural Worl d Business Award, the worldwide business divide recognizing companies who adopt made signifi domiciliatet efforts to create sustainable livelihood opportunities and enduring wealth in developing countries. The honour has been instituted jointly by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), internationalist bedroom of Commerce (ICC) and the HRH Prince of Wales International Business Leaders Forum (IBLF). ITC is the first incorporate to receive the Annual FICCI Outstanding Vision somatic Triple match Award in 2007 for its invaluable contribution capital for the nation.ITC has won the luxurious Peacock Awards for Corporate Social Responsibility (Asia) in 2007, the Award for CSR in Emerging Economies 2005 and chastity in Corporate Governance in the same year. These Awards create been instituted by the Institute of Directors, late Delhi, in association with the World Council for Corporate Governance and affection for Corporate Governance. The Companys Green turn over Threshing plants at Chirala and Anaparti in Andhra Pradesh are the first units of their kind in the world to drum ISO 14001-environment management systems certification.ITCs cigarette factory in Kolkata is the first such unit in India to get ISO 9000 quality certification and the first among cigarette factories in the world to be awarded the ISO 14001 certification ITC Maurya in New Delhi is the first hotel in India to get the coveted ISO 14001 Environment Management Systems certification. ITC Filtrona is the first cigarette diffuse company in the world to obtain ISO 14001 ITC InfoTech finds pride of protrude among a select group of SEI CMM Level 5 companies in the world.ITCs Green Leaf Threshing plant in Chirala is the first in India and among the first 10 units in the world to bag the Social Accountability (SA 8000) certification ITC Chairman Y C Deveshwar has received several honors over the years. Notable among them are yr Award 2007 SAM/SPG Sustainability Leadership Award conferred at the International Sustainability Leadership Symposium, Zurich. 2006 Business Person of the grade from UK Trade & Investment, the UK government activity organisation that supports overseas businesses in that country. 2006 Inducted into the Hall of Pride by the 93rd Indian acquisition Congress 2005 Honoured with the Teachers Lifetime Achievement Award 2001 Manager Entrepreneur of the Year from Ernst & Young Retail Visionary of the Year from Images, Indias only shape and retail trade magazine 1998 Honorary Fellowship from the All India Management Association 1996 Distinguished Alumni Award from IIT, Delhi 1994 grocery storeing Man of the Year from A&M, the leading marketing magazine 1986 Meridian Hotelier of the Year Some of the other notable recognitions areThe railway lineholm Challenge 2006 for the e-Choupal initiative. This award is for using Information Technology for the economic cultivation of rural communities. The Corporate Social Responsibility Crown Award for water system Practices from UNESCO and Water compendium for its distinguished work carried out in the water sector in India. ITC also received the National Award for Excellence in Water Management 2007 in the beyond the fence category from the CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre for its leadership role in implementing water and catchment area management practices.The watershed programme also won the Asian CSR Award 2007 for Environmental Excellence given by the Asian Institute of Management. The Award recognizes and honours Asian companies for outstanding, innovative and world-class projects. The Company also received the Ryutaro Hashimoto Incentive evaluate 2007 for Environment & Development from the Asia pacific Forum. This Award aims at promoting information dissemination of good practices towards sustainable development in the Asia-Pacific region.The Readers Digest Pegasus Award for corporate societal responsibility, recognizing outstanding work through with(p) by socially conscious companies. The Corporate Award for Social Responsibility 2008 from The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) in recognition of its exemplary initiatives in implementing integrated watershed development programmes across 7 states in India. The company also won the award in 2004 for its e-Choupal initiative. The Award provides impetus to sustainable development and encourages ongoing social responsibility processes within the corporate sector.The Enterprise Business Transformation Award for Asia Pacific (Apac), instituted by Infosys Technologies and Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania for its celebrated e-Choupal initiative. The Business Today Award for the Best Managed Company in recognition of its outstanding initiatives in the consumer products segment. The only Indian FMCG company to choose featured in the Forbes 2000 diagnose. The Forbes 2000 is a comprehensive ranking of the worlds biggest companies, measured by a composite o f sales, profits, assets and market value. The list spans 51 countries and 27 industries.The NDTV Profit Business Leadership Award for being the Best Food Company of 2007. The Award has been instituted to recognize organizational excellence. The CNBC-TV18s International Trade Award 2008 for Outstanding Exporter of the Year in the FMCG & Food category. ITC continues its dominance of The Economic Times Brand Equity listing of Indias 100 Biggest FMCG Brands, with trey brands from its stable making it to the top five. Gold Flake re importants Indias biggest FMCG brand in hurt of sales. Navy Cut ranks at No. 4. ITCs Scissors brand ranks at No 5 and is the only raw(a) starter into the top 10.Restaurant magazine has chosen Bukhara at the ITC Maurya, New Delhi as the best Indian restaurant in the world and the best restaurant in Asia. Bukhara has also been adjudged one of the top 50 restaurants in the world by the London based magazine The Good Food Guide. Bukhara is the only southe rn Asian restaurant to figure in the list. The Best Supply set up Practices Award for time-effective and cost-efficient Logistics Management in Organized Retail to ITCs Lifestyle Retailing Business Division (LRBD) Indian Snack Industry Snacks are a part of Consumer Convenience/ Packaged Foods segment.Snack is described as a microscopic quantity of food eaten between meals or in place of a meal. Snack food generally comprises bakery products, ready-to-eat mixes, chips, namkeen and other take subject processed foods According to the ministry of food processing, the snack food industry is worth Rs 100 billion in value and over 4,00,000 tonnes in toll of volume. Though very large and diverse, the snacks industry is dominated by the unorganised sector. According to an Apeda survey nearly 1,000 snack items and 300 types of savories are interchange across India. The branded snacks are exchange at least 25% higher than the unbranded products.Savory snacks have been a part of Indi an food habit, since almost ages. Though there is no particular time for snacks, unremarkably they are consumed at teatime. The variety is almost mind-boggling with specialties from all regions, which have gained national acceptance. The industry has been growing around 10% for the last deuce-ace years, while the branded segment is growing around 25% per annum to stand at Rs 5,000-Rs 5,500 crore, due to various reasons like Multiplex culture, snacking at home plate while watching TV, pubs and bars (where they are served free).AC Nielsens retail audit shows that the large sales volumes are due to a marked preference for ethnical foods, regional bias towards indigenous snacks and good value-for-money perception. Of course the branded segment is much smaller at Rs 2,200 crore, which is what makes it so attractive to food Companies that are looking at bigger shares. In the branded snacks market, to get down to basics, Frito Lay commands a share of 45%, followed by Haldirams at 27% and ITC at 16%. The rest is divided between a handful of new entrants, wannabes and legion(predicate) regional players.Of the wide range of snacks available, white potato chips constitute a sizeable segment of the Indian snack food industry, according to India Infoline. The potato chip market is generally an unorganized industry. well all potato chip snack products are manufactured and exchange locally. There is also no uniform standard for packaging, as there is in Europe, the United States and other more developed regions. Many snack foods are sold loose or packaged in poly-pouches, which may only be folded, or in some cases, stapled closed.As the Indian deliverance continues to grow, and production standards improve, many snack food companies are making significant investments into plant equipment and packaging machinery. Potato-based snacks, and in particular potato chips, are the largest product segment, safekeeping an 85%-share of the salty snack market Pepsi Foods Ltd . , now cognize as Frito-Lay India Ltd. , produces Indias largest snack food producers brands, including Ruffles, Hostess, Cheetos and Uncle Chips. Frito Lays story is an example of how American recipes were change to satisfy local tastes.Procter & Gambles Pringles brand of potato crisp was launched in Delhi in 1999. Pringles is also a baked potato crisp, unlike many other potato based Indian snack foods that are fried. P&G currently imports the Pringles product and therefore the product has been priced at a premium and is marketed to a micro-niche. also to be kept in mind, organized sector is growing at 15 -20 per cent a year, and unorganized sector is growing at 7-8 per cent. Project Objectives 1. Find and know everything on bingo 2. Find out about the competitor Lays . To find out the fall upon points of difference in the process of Distribution & selling, and of beano and Lays. 4. To understand the workings of DS (Distributor Salesman) 5. To understand the working s of executive program 6. To check and achieve visibility, availability and quality distribution across the determine target outlet. 7. To know and evaluate the response of retailer about the product. 8. To understand the tokens of Order appointment and Ready creaseing. 9. To find out the key points where Lays has the edge over lotto 10.To identify the areas, methods, ideas that can help in increasing bingos sales. Research Methodology It includes the response of beano Snacks from retailers at retail outlets with respect to its competitors. It also includes the responses of competitor Frito-Lays from various sources. control at retail outlets 1) To check the availability of products. 2) To check visibility of products. 3) gussy up analysis of products. 4) To check how old the product is. 5) To trace the complaints regarding the product. 6) Identifying what would the factor to increase sale.Data collection technique 1) Interview with retailers, customers, distributors, and company officials of ITC. 2) Interview with distributors and company officials of Frito-Lays 3) primitive data via 1) Questionnaire, 2) Observation, 3) Interview 4) Secondary data from, 1) Newspaper, 2) Internet Sampling visualise Sample size100 retail merchants Sample SegmentationOn the basis Location, & Type of Outlet. Sampling AreaAndheri(includes Andheri easterly and West, Jogeshweri East & West, Juhu, Irla, J.P. Road, Lalubhai, A. K. Road, Sahar Road,Sher e Punjab, Mahakali, Chakala, Takshila, Lokhandwala, Shastri Nagar, Veera Desai Road, Bhawani Nagar, Marol Military Road, Vile Parle East & West) BINGO No Confusion Great Combination About beano The bingo brand of chips was launched by ITC on 14th March 2007 with an aim to capture at least 25 per centum market share of the Rs 2000 crore branded snack market within five yrs.The launch is symbolical of ITC Foods distinct approach of introducing innovative and distinguishableiated products in a largely undiffere ntiated market place. kenos launch was strategically measure around the World Cup. The idea was to get the consumer to take that first bite. This was an passing ambitious target according to observers as the market was dominated by the Frito Lay group (owned by Pepsi Co) with a slew of brands like Lays, Kurkure and Uncle Chipps holding 50 per cent of the market share. The other was the Haldiram group with 25 percent of the market share.Bingos portfolio includes an array of products in both Potato Chips & Finger Snacks segment. Bingo is positioned as a youthfulnessfulnessful and innovative snack, offering the consumers a choice of flavours that are fast becoming popular. Bingo used compounding of leveraging synergies, building on consumer insights and high decibel advert can win the game. The company leveraged its existing distribution engagement and affinity established with farmers. Its earlier foray into categories like atta and biscuits had already given it access to the supply chain.ITC Foods salted snack brand Bingo continues to tickle consumer taste buds with new variants. The latest to hit the shelves is Tangles, the fourth in its portfolio, after Bingo potato chips, Bingo Tedhe Medhe and Bingo Mad Angles. The product, which took two years to develop, leave be launched in select markets in atomic number 7 and south India, before being scaled up nationally. The market for Hesperian format of snacking is fairly nascent in India, and the addition of variants, the company hopes, leave behind help create new pegs of loyalty. In snack food, consumers are always looking for change, and as a brand we strive to provide this through a unique mix of taste, bite and shapes, says Chittaranjan Dar, CEO, ITC Foods. To begin with, Tangles ordain be available in a unique pillow pack shape, in two flavours, Masala and Tomato. Subsequently, Tangles will be extended to regional flavours. Bingo, which is estimated to be worth Rs 650-700 crore, is expected to break even this year, say analysts. Since its launch in 2007, the brand has given stiff rivalry to market leader Pepsi.While Pepsi brands Lays and Kurkure lead by a huge margin, their shares have taken a hit in recent months. According to Nielsen 2010 data, Lays potato wafers reported a recede in share from 48 to 45 per cent, and Kurkure witnessed a 3 per cent decline in market share between January-December 2009 to January-December 2010. On the other hand, Bingos potato chips have notched a 1 per cent increase in share, whereas its sub-brands in the bridge category like Tedhe Medhe and Mad Angles have seen a small rise in market share.Other players in the snack food arena are mostly Indian players such as Parle Products, Haldiram and Balaji Namkin, besides a host of local and regional brands. The launch of Tangles is in line with the companys strategy to focus on the bridge segment. Dar explains, Today, potato chips represent almost 70 per cent of snack food consumption, with the bridge category lighten small. In the next few years, we expect the numbers to reverse. Thats because Indians are used to snacking alternatives as each region in India has its own snack options. With Tangles, ITC will adopt a similar route to communication and distribution as it did for the other Bingo variants. The new television commercial for Tangles, slated to be on air in a month, will continue to flog the youth plank. On the distribution front, the company will invest in consume and providing innovative shoves to trade. Dar admits that unlike biscuits, sales of chips in rural areas is still a very small part of the market. Bingo currently reaches 5. 5 hundred thousand outlets and it aims to increase it by 2 lakh every year. So is a health variant on Dars wishlist?He is not art to the opportunity, but notes in a category like snacks, where consumption happens in small quantities, the health proposition needs to be weaved in with taste. Variants/ intuitive feelings Bing o Potato Chips Potato Chips Variants Product Description Premium salted Salted crunchy potato chips International Cream N Onion Unique combination of cheese, cream and spring onion on potato Chips Red chilli pepper Bijli Potato chips spiced up with red-hot chillies Spicy Masala Remix A mix of profane masalas on potato chips. Juicy Tomato Ketchup Succulent, ripe tomatoes on crisp and crunchy potato chips Pickle Tickle Tongue-tickling combination of achaari lemons and potato chips igneous Red Tomato Potato Chips smeared with dry red chillies and juicy red tomatoes Oye Pudina Combination of crunchy potato chips and sprinkling of fresh Pudina leaves Bingo Mad Angles har angles se MmmmOne of the biggest successes from the Bingo portfolio, Bingo Mad Angles has carved a niche for itself in the consumers mind and is synonymous with the perfect three-sided snack.A combination of innovative flavours on a traditional khakra base, Mad Angles is a snack that is consecut ive to taste and perfect flavour delivery as well as shape, making it a snack thats trulyhar angles se MmmmWhats new? Bingo brings you the chaat flavour that you can savour without having to stop by thegali ka chaatwala. allow your fingers dive in to the perfect combination of the taste of fresh pudina, lemony tamarind, creamy yogurt and of course, the crunchiness of khakra triangles. Available in packs of Rs. 5, Rs. 10 and Rs. 20, the new BingoMad Angles Masti Chaat now adds to the excitement of Mad Angles range from Bingo Bingo Mad Angles Mad Angles Variants Product Description Mad Angles Tomato badness A combination of khakra-like crunchy triangles with tangy tomato flavour Mad Angles chilli pepper Dhamaka Crunchy triangles with a taste of chillies Mad Angles Achaari Masti Mouth-watering combination of Mad Angles and sweet-sour mango pickle Mad Angles Masti Chaat A chaat intent that you can savour without having to stop by the galli kachaatwaala.The perfect combina tion of fresh pudina, tangy tamarind, creamy yogurt and of course, the perfection ofkhakratriangles. Bingo TanglesThe latest addition to the Bingo portfolio is Bingo Tangles in masala and tomato flavours. Each piece of this innovative crunchy snack is made out of strands loaded with lip smacking masala or tantalizing tomato flavours. in one case bitten, they break into many more delicious strands in the mouth. Be A Little Dillogical About Lays Brand HistoryLays, the worlds largest and favourite snack food brand, has steadily established itself as an natural part of Indias snacking culture since its launch in 1995. With its irresistible taste, international and Indian flavours and youth-centric photographry, Lays has established itself as a youth brand and continues to grow in the black Maria and mind of its consumers. Over the years, Lays has become know for its engaging and innovative promotions and urge ons. The brand known for its No one can eat just one campaign has mov ed its positioning to Whats the programme? making Lays the main food of every programme Frito-Lay India Ltd. produces Indias largest snack food manufacturers brands, including Ruffles, Hostess, Cheetos and Uncle Chips. Frito Lays story is an example of how American recipes were adjusted to satisfy local tastes. Saif Ali Khan has been the face of the brand for over five years, and has recently been join by the captain of the Indian cricket team M. S. Dhoni. Both comprise the youthful energy and appeal of the brand.In 2008, Lays launched the never-before Fight for Your Flavour allowing consumers to vote for the flavour of their choice. The flavour with the maximum votes would continue in the market. The flavours have been selected by the Lays brand ambassadors Saif Ali Khan and M. S. Dhoni with each notoriety rooting for the flavour of their choice. In November 2008, Lays made so far another(prenominal) innovative breakthrough the Chip-n- behave pack. This first-to-market pack has been launched for cricket lovers as they shine in their seats to savour the best sporting action of the season.The Lays Chip-n-Sauce large pack comes in two unique flavours jalapeno Chinese with a Schezwan Sauce sachet and Chatpata Indian with a Tamarind Sauce sachet inside the pack. In June 2009, Lays launched its new positioning political program Lays Be a Little Dillogical. The new Dillogical pattern makes an instant connect with youth caught between the want to succeed and the desire to remain engaged with certain moments that offer a deep frantic fulfilment. This friction is like a game between the heart and the head, a struggle between what you want to do and what you have to do.Its all about making things that matter to the heart, happen. The new platform has been launched with a serial publication of ads built around the universal consumer struggle between what the mind asks one to do and what the heart desires. A powerful 360 degree approach supports the new TVC, an d has indeed prompted consumers to be a little Dillogical. WINNING FLAVOUR Lays, the world and Indias No 1 potato chips brand from Frito-Lay India, is all set to provide some new lip smacking tastes to its consumers. The four short listed flavors from a whopping 1. million ideas came from four winning consumers, each of whom gets Rs 5 lakh for their dillogical flavor ideas. Cheesy Mexicana, Tangy Twist, Mastana Mango and renal pelvis Hop Honey & Chilly from a three-month long face Us Your Delicious Flavor (GUYDF) campaign. The four flavors will be sold in the market across India for the next two months with the theme bachega sirf tastiest (survival of the tastiest). The flavor that elicits the maximum consumer votes will not only continue to stay in the market as the mega winner, but its ideator would be awarded a grand hold of Rs 50 lakh and 1% of sales revenue.KurKure Brand History Launched in 1999, this perfect namkeen snack, developed entirely in India, has come to be det ermine with fun and lovable human quirks. It developed an even stronger identity through associations with celebrities like Juhi Chawla (2003) and Kareena Kapoor (2008), well-known Indian actors. Brand Promise Kurkure is a crunchy new-age namkeen snack brand which symbolizes light-hearted fun. Embodying the spirit of India, Kurkure has found a home in millions of hearts and minds and enjoys the position of a strong Lovemark brand in India.Juhis vivacious and fun-loving personality complements and embodies the essence of Kurkure. Over the years, Kurkure has journeyed effortlessly from being a snack with a twist to becoming an integral part of Indias teatime menu and an embodiment of endearing human imperfections or tedhapan. Innovations Kurkure has constantly re-invented itself to sustain its relevance to Indian culture and the Indian ethos. Not only does Kurkure provide an inimitable taste and superior quality, it has also brought fame and happiness to many through its Chai-time-ac hievers face on pack initiative.Kurkure Desi Beats Kurkure Desi Beats is an exciting new range of crunchy triangular snacks in irresistible Indian flavours. This newly launched youth-oriented sub-brand personifies our inborn Desi spirit and gives one the license to be Desi. Desi Beats celebrates the contemporary Indian youth who straddles both tradition and modernity and is confident of his Indian identity. VARIANTS OF FRITO LAYS CHIPS Kurkure Uncle chips Aliva 1. Spanish tangy tomato 1. Masala munch 1. Spicy treat 1. Special 2. American cream and onion 2. Chili chatka 2. Chatpata Masala 2.Special tomato 3. Classic salted 3. Funjabi(rajma) Others 3. Special salted 4. Magic Masala 4. Rajhasthani Desi beats 4. Special mint Winning flavours 5. Hyderabadi New 5. Hip hop honey 6. Solid masti twist 5. Cream & herb 6. Cheesy Mexicana 7. Solid masti khatta-mittha 6. Pizza Blast 7. Tangy twist 8. Dewana tomato desi beat 7. Sweet Chilly 8. Mastana mango 9. Flirty lime 8. apple Del ight 10. Naughty tomato 9. Milk Minis Sugar Vanilla opposition among the variants of Bingo and Lays Chips 1. Spicy Masala remix Chilly Mexicana . International cream onion American cream and onion 3. Juicy tomato ketchup Spanish tangy tomato 4. Red chili bingo Magic Masala 5. Premium salted Classic salted Bridges 6. Mad angle tomato Kurkure Dewana tomato 7. Mad angle chilli Kurkure chili chatka 8. Mad angle achari Kurkure Rajhasthani 9. Hatke-Jhatke lousy Kurkure Funjabi 10. Hatke-Jhatke Tomato Kurkure Naughty Tomato 11. Tedhe-Medhe Kurkure Masala Munch Market Pattern (India) S. W. O. T digest of Bingo Strengths 1. Excellent branding and advertising on TVCs and move ads 2.Great variety of flavours gives customers options 3. Reasonable pricing ensures spontaneous purchase 4. Strong reliever of ITC Limited brand name Weakness 1. A slight gap in implore and supply on bingo 2. lacking in infrastructure as compared to Lays 3. Shallow penetration 4. Not well deft and inexperi enced salesman Opportunity 1. Leverage successful brand ITC, especially Atta and biscuits 2. spread abroad more to attract target group 3. Buy out smaller opposition and tie-ups with resort, food chains Threat 1. Threat from local stand in snacks 2.Balajis strategy winner in terms of quantity Observation at W. D. Point a. The WD point is very well connected to all the nearby areas/locality/potential b. ITC use software that is called SIFY to prepare bills and detail information product wise, variant wise, summarize sales reports are make in the help of this software. Format of sales report code of the goods are in this. c. ITC gives 3. 5% margin to his distributors and d. ITC bears vehicle cost. e. CALCULATION OF PRICE TO RETALIER (PTR) = f. upper limit RETAIL PRICE ( MRP) 100 + % MARGIN g. Basic terms LC television channel cutBC Bill Cut UBO Unique Bill Outlet ABV Average bill value chlorofluorocarbon Collaret Fibre Container ABC Average Bill Cut ALC Average Line Cut TDP Tempo rary Dispatch Time h. The salesman here lack the competent skills and they are not so knowledgeable about the product and the variants i. They lack persuasion and convincing technique j. Majority are inexperienced because they are new k. It has been observed that a lot of time is wasted in loading the stock in the vehicles and getting the stocks charge l. Salesman turnover ratio is high. Findings I. Works assigned wereTo check the availability, visibility and DND (if any) of Bingo at retail outlet. While doing this, I understood about distribution and stocking process at WD (Wholesale Distributor) point which are as follows A) Ordering Booking Process B) Ready Stock Process. From the above mentioned works assigned and the objectives given, the Retailer point of view was clear II. To collect information of Frito-Lays and disassemble the data thereafter. For that I have interviewed Frito-Lays distributors and company official i. e. Chetna Traders III. In station to outgo weakness, my recommendations and contributions.In the duration of my project I used to visit the market daily, in the initial 7 days as a DS (distributor salesmen) and from the eighth day onwards as a supervisor with DS and analyze the market of ITC Bingo and Frito-Lays. While checking availability and visibility of Bingo snacks at Retail Outlets I came across following observations 1) ITC has a good mix of traditional and modern type of distribution channel. 2) The response of customer towards Bingo is positive. 3) At major outlets the sale is good. 4) At big retailers there is a huge demand 5) Like Bingo there is only one Distributor for Lays in Andheri Chetna Traders ) Small Kirana shops and retailer get confused among the variants of Bingo 7) All the shops where Lays and Bingo are not present, Balaji has dominated. 8) Shopkeepers ask for more credit even if they have and are already on credit 9) The total coverage of ITC Bingo snacks travel very short in comparison to Frito-Lays. 10) Th e bother is the lack of coverage and infrastructure 11) inadequacy of competent advertisement. 12) Bingo Lacking the Infrastructure 13) Balaji is also a cut throat competitor 14) Lays have fixed PTRs 15) Balaji who who hardly spends on rack and nets also has PTRs and schemes 6) Parts of Jogeshwari, IRLA, lalubhai, Marol Military road are dominated by Balaji and then Lays 17) Unlike Lays and Balaji, Bingo faces a gap in demand and supply. 18) All the variants are never available at the W. D. point Analysis & Interpretation Demand of Bingo Interpretation 1. The demand for Bingo is good and increasing because Bingo Is positioned as a youthful and innovative snack, offering the consumers with choice in terms of both formats and flavors including Local tastes. 2. Also because the name is catchy, easy to pronounce, recallable, trendy. 3. Bingo identifies itself as a brand which is youthful, fun and colorfulCriteria kept in mind when Retailers sell Bingo Interpretation 1. after(pren ominal) having a face to face communication with the retailers it was observed that the major curve they see in the buying pattern of the consumers is that the consumers go for quality first then the size. 2. Similarly the criteria that the retailers keep in mind is at first the quality then the size but also the margin, because there a lot stiffness among the competitors and their schemes and offers. 3. In low income areas/slum areas retailers prefer to go for Balaji to any other because the consumers there go for the size/ quantity 4.The big and organized retailer go for the quality and Margin 5. Giving competition to Lays Interpretation 1. Lays has revamped its branding strategy with new promotions featuring actress like Juhi Chawla, Kareena Kapoor etc. 2. About 35 AC BEST buses in Mumbai and metro in Kolkata are now branded by Kurkure 3. But Bingo has managed to do a dent in Lays market share. Is the fact that ITC spend close to 3 years researching, finding and analyzing the Fi nger snack segment to come up with its own indigenous variety responsible for Bingos success. Problems faced to sell ITC BingoInterpretation 1. Brand Loyalty of Lays customer is posing threat to Bingo 2. Stagnant Market Share 3. Unawareness of the variety of flavours introduced by Bingo 4. Threats of local players like Balaji, Haldiram and Diamond Effect on sales by improving infrastructure Interpretation 1. ITC was the first one to introduce racks which has helped them to achieve a enormous increase in terms of sales and visibility and availability. 2. Lays has heavier promotional activities, bankrupt infrastructure as it has modified racks which gives the advantage of keeping more stock 3.It is noted that Lays keeps on bringing in new packet ranges which Bingo does not. For e. g. the Rs 15 packets, Rs 30 packet and combo offer of 4 packets of Rs 20 each for Rs 60 4. Lays has more racks than Bingo Convincing the customer to purchase Bingo Interpretation 1. The convincing is not r equired because Bingo has well-kept the quality throughout since its launch 2. It is in good competition with Lays 3. Consumers can easily recall the brand and the product Rating Bingo and Lays Interpretation 1. It can be seen from the data that at some stages Bingo is at par with the market leader Lays 2.Lays has a better and deeper penetration. 3. Lays has more salesman as compared to Bingos 4. Consumers point of view Lays has many and intelligibly distinguished flavours Rack availability of Bingo as compared to Lays Comparing Bingo To Lays 1. It is difficult to make out the flavour from eyesight the colour of the packing which is not the case with Lays 2. Lays penetration is deep, and they have done it by reducing the demand supply gap and arranging better visibility by providing racks more than competitors. 3. Lays also gets the upper hand because it keeps on coming with new schemes, for e. g. hey give 4 Rs20 packet for Rs 60, we have no such schemes 4. Lays even has modified racks, customized to hold/contain more packets, this is some good strategy keeping in mind that it was ITC who had come up with the rack system. 5. Lays has a higher demand as compared to Bingo because of its promotion, they have characters in their advertisement which public/consumers can recollect even at a later stage e. g. Saif Ali Khan, M. S Dhoni whereas in Bingo we do not have such concept. Although it is noticeable but after having a considerable interaction with the retailer this is the most common topic they had put up. 6.The major difference between Lays and Bingo is that Lays as a brand has related itself to cricket. Relating to cricket is the promotion strategy in which the brand relates itself to the events and experience, and in Mumbai or in Maharashtra or in whole of India cricket mean mass, this way Lays already has a strong take than Bingo. 7. Lays have a better, stronger and an efficient distribution system, talking in terms of availability of product then Lays is always available where Bingo falls short here as the stock is sometimes available and sometimes not causing inconsistency in the availability of the product. 8.Though it can be stated that because Lays has been in the market for a much longer period than Bingo so it has the brand advantage but Bingo still lags way behind in the a competent distribution process 9. Lays has 30% more rack installed than Bingo, making it the prime reason for the retailer to buy the product Porters 5 forces Model Threat of new entry * As the market is growing at 30 percent annually, new entrants may consider it a profitable venture * As branded players are priced similarly, new players might penetrate by adopting a demoralise price or by offering more quantity at the same price (Balaji-strategy) New players with a distinct USP and marketing strategy may find it easier to enter the market (Bingo Strategy) * Unorganized players still account for half of the total wafer segment, thereby discouraging ma rket entry * old hand players such as Fritolay, Haldiram etc enjoy economies of scale, well-established distribution and good distributor relations. free-enterprise(a) Rivalry * High Competition Branded Players involved in cut-throat competition to increase market share, entice new consumers, find new markets * low-toned Quality differences among branded players. Quality difference between branded and unbranded offerings is offset by low price offered by unbranded players * represent of casting is low as all players have a similar pricing strategy * Brand Loyalty is high for branded players negociate power of suppliers * Suppliers provide raw materials such as potatoes, spices and other ingredients. * Their ability to wake commentary costs is high. * Higher cost of input commodities leads to move margins, making the market unattractive for distributors and retailers (in an already low-margin, high-volume market) Shortage of any input material may also affect production and thereby restore distribution. * Veteran players like Fritolay and ITC already have a well- established network of suppliers. ITCs e-choupal venture permits a steady supply of raw materials at the lowest price. Bargaining power of Buyers * Frito-Lay enjoys a healthy lead with a 45 percent market share for its portfolio of products * Competitor differentiation is in terms of variants and communication. * Ability to substitute is high as brands are priced similarly and distribution problems for one brand promote sales for the other. Price aesthesia is high. An increase in the price of Lays may promote a switch to Bingo for most buyers (except for loyalists) * Threat of substitutes * Indian Snack Segment is high-volume, low-involvement set (thrives on impulse buy) * All snacks are considered to be substitutes of each other * Biscuits, Wafers and local snacks like Chakli, banana chips, Farsan etc are all substitutes of one another Recommendations/Suggestions 1. For distribution diffe rent vehicles should be used which has opening from 3 sides because a lot of time is wasted in the unloading the particular order 2.The market report should be prepared more thoroughly 3. The routes should be predefined and the salesman should not mix up the routes 4. Some routes are very small to be covered for order booking for Bingo like IRLA Market so it can be combined with Lalubhai market 5. There should be less variations in giving different schemes to multiple shopkeepers as they in the end come to know about the schemes given to other shopkeepers and then they raise their demand to either reduce net rates or give additional schemes 6.Bingo can come up with different shapes of packaging in small areas where there is more sale of Rs 5 packet e. g. triangular packs, as they do not need racks to be put in because different packaging always attracts consumers. 7. Should increase the size of Rs 5 packets, because this is the main reason for less sale of Bingo, on the other hand Balaji is also tough competitor in terms of quantity 8. Company can opt for seasonal promotions because the sales in the month of May-June are very low because the schools are closed. 9.Gift packs or combos with 4-5 flavours can be introduced in this period only 10. Posters on buses and trains can be done for e. g. the way Fanta has employ the opportunity on local trains of Mumbai 11. Brand ambassadors should be introduced because Bingo has almost completed 5 years in the market, brand ambassadors because people can then relate to the brand and or the product 12. Also because Lays our prime competitor has quite some good brand ambassadors like Saif Ali Khan, M. S. Dhoni 13. Relating Bingo to current burning topics, the same way AMUL does in print ads. 4. Having too many flavours is causing some problem because the customers and even the retailer are not able to differentiate between different variants. 15. Even though its a good strategy as people are forced to try each flavour, th e ones which are not going good in the market should be removed from the companys portfolio. 16. This would reduce the problem of confusion amongst the consumers. Conclusion From the survey of the retailers and the market comparison following conclusions can be drawn 1. Bingos sale has noticably increased by providing good infrastructure . Retailers put Bingo next to Lays which is a market leader 3. Such an brand image has to created which creates a lasting image, which can be done by introducing a couple of brand ambassadors 4. Lays still has the upper hand because it has been in the market for a longer time as compared to Bingo 5. Improving the distribution level to spiel up the competition given by lays is the only way to cover up the demand suppy gap 6. Though Bingo is of good quality as noticed but it is yet to meet International Standards to give more stiff competition to Lays 7.In small localities Balaji is preferrred 8. A lot of time is wasted during the unloading of the or der/stock during the ready stock. It is not thecase with Lays because the order for Lays are in bulk and as per the CFC boxes. Annexure QUESTIONNAIRE (RETAIL OUTLET) Outlet Name Outlet Type Route 1. How is the demand of Bingo? a) Very good ___b) good ___c) average ___ d) below average __ 2. Stock availability of various brands a) Lays ____ b) Bingo ____ c) Haldiram ____ d) Balaji_____ e) Parle______ 3. What criteria you keep in mind when you sell your product? ) Focus on Quality_____ b) Focus on Price____ c) Focus on Size___ d)Focus on Margin____ 4. How far do you think ITC Bingo has captured market over Lays? a) On a Small Scale_____b) On a Large Scale________ 5. What problem you face to sale ITC Bingo? a) Size____ b) Brand Loyalty for other Brand_____ c) Lack of Awareness_____ d) Any Other 6. Has the sale increased by improving the infrastructure by Bingo? a) Highly Increased____ b) Increased____ c) Somewhat Increased__ d) Not at all increased 7. Do you have to convince custome r to purchase Bingo? ) Yes ___ b) No ___ 8. Please assign a value from 1-5 to BINGO & LAYS a) For Excellent5 b) For Very Good4 c) For Good3 d) For Average2 e) For Bad1 9. Do you have a rack of Lays? a) Yes____b) No_____ 10. Do you have a rack of Bingo? a) Yes____b) No_____ References 1. http//www. itcportal. com 2. http//www. nowthatsnifty. com/2012/01/204-lays-potato-chip-flavors-from. hypertext markup language. T9zOwCEggUg 3. http//www. the-top-tens. com/lists/best-flavour-lays-india. asp 4. http//pepsicoindia. co. in/media/fact-sheet. html

Madurai Essay

Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia and is one of the oldest interminably inhabited cities in the world with a recorded history from tertiary century BC. 3Megasthenes visited Madurai during 3rd century BC, with the urban center referred as Methora in his accounts. 9 The date is contested by some scholars as they believe Methora refers to the north Indian metropolis of Mathura as it was a large and established city in the Mauryan Empire. 15 The city is also mentioned in Kautilyas (370283 BC)16 Arthashastra.Madurai finds mention in the whole kit and caboodle of Roman historians Pliny the Younger (61 ca. 12 CE), Ptolemy (ca. 90 ca. CE 168), those of the Greek geographerStrabo(64/63 BCE ca. 24 CE). and also in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea After the Sangam age, most of take day Tamil Nadu, including Madurai, came under the eclipse of the Kalabhras dynasty, who were ousted by the Pandyas somewhat 590 CE. The Pandyas were outsted from Madurai by the Chola dynasty during the early 9th century. The city remained under control of the Cholas until the early 13th century, when the aid Pandyan empire was established with Madurai as its capital.After the death of Kulasekara Pandian (12681308 CE), Madurai came under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate. , The Madurai Sultanate, then seceded from Delhi functioned as an independent kingdom till its gradual annexation by the Vijayanagar Empire in 1378 CE. Madurai became independent from Vijayanagar in 1559 CE under the Nayaks. Nayak rule ended in 1736 CE and Madurai was repeatedly captured several multiplication byChanda Sahib (1740 1754 CE), ArcotNawab and Muhammed Yusuf Khan (1725 1764 CE) in the middle of 18th century. In 1801, Madurai came under the plow control of the British East India Company and was annexed to the Madras Presidency.The British government do donations to the Meenakshi temple and participated in the Hindu festivals during the early part of their rule. The city was devolv ed as a political and industrial complex through the 19th and twentieth centuries to become a district headquarters of a larger Madurai district. With the effect of urbanisation, the temple no longer retained the unitary form, but continue to remain the centre for Hindus. In 1837, under the order of the then storage battery John Blackburn, the fortifications around the temple were demolished to accommodate the growing community of the city.The moat was drained and the debris was used to construct the new streets Veli, Marat and Perumaal Mesthiri streets. The city was constituted as a municipality in 1866 CE. The British government face up initial hiccups in land ceiling and tax collection in Madurai and Dindigul districts under the direct administration of the officers of the government. The district at large was resurveyed mingled with 1880 and 1885 CE and settled between 1885 and 1893 CE. The survey showed an under assessment of around 8 per cent in the old survey.Five munic ipalities were constituted in these two districts and six taluk boards were derived for local administration. Police stations were established with Madurai city as the headquarters of the District Superintendent. It was in Madurai, in 1921, that Gandhi, pre-eminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India, adopted loin cloth for the first clock as his mode of dress after seeing agricultural labourers corrosion it. 29 The independence movement in Madurai was led by leaders much(prenominal) as N. M. R. Subbaraman and Mohammad Ismail Sahib.

Law of Carriage by Rail Essay

1) a) develop how the making of the get hold of amongst the consignor and the courseway station bathroom exist? The cut off among the consignor and the railroad line comp some(prenominal) go away existing when the railway companionship has accepted the goods for tutor from the consignor and in concert with the incumbrance tick off make by consignor.The acceptance allow be established with the dispatchage job and will be stamp of the transport station. The encumbrance n superstar is made by the consignor with three copy, to each unmatchable copy for each rig freight, and the subject of the consignment none atomic number 18 correspond with all the terms and hold that was agreed by the Rules.When the consignment none had been made by the consignor and was being stamped by the packaging station, the consignment note will be an curtilage of the making nail down between the consignor and the railway station or forwarding station, the content that stated in t he consignment shall be correspond or exactly same with the consignor with railway station previously agreed.The responsible of the consignor is extraordinary of the consignment note, which may in accordance with the understanding between consignor and the railway alliance. In the consignment note was related to the goods much(prenominal) as quantity of the goods or to the inwardness of packages shall only be evidence against the railway when it had been verified by the railway to regulate that is not whatsoever deviation with the particular of the consignment note and has be certified in the consignment note.If that was e rattling necessary these particulars may be verified by separate means or it was obvious that there is no material insufficiency corresponding to the discrepancy between the quantity or amount of packages and the particulars in the consignment note, the latter shall not be evidence aboard the railway. This shall apply in particular when the carriage is handed over to the consignee with the airplane pilot stamps complete.After the railway company has verified the goods, and they shall to certify a response that include the date of acceptance of the carriage and stamped on the consignment note before it was twinnedd to the consignor.The railway shall decl be acceptance of the goods and the date of acceptance for carriage by assigning the date stamp to or else making the founding on the duplicate of the consignment note before compensating the duplicate to the consignor. The duplicate will not withdraw influence as the consignment note complementary the goods, nor as a bill of lading. sumptuous Trunk railroad track Co. of Canada v. McMillan 1889In this teddy is the Grand Trunk railway line speaker-up of Canada as suspect and Robert McMillan as plaintiff. The feature in the pillow slip is the railway company ease up the contract with Robert McMillan, which is a contact for carriage of the goods and it was go beyond of the station of line. The railway company undertakes to accommodate goods to a point beyond the station of its own line its contract is for carriage of the goods over the only transit. However the other companies which over of the line they must pass are merely doers of the contracting company for such(prenominal) carriage, and it was in no orphic of contract with the transporter.In addition, such a contract being one which a railway company may refuse to enter into the contact, it is because of fit to section 104 of the railroad operate it does not prevent from restrict the obligation for neglect as letter carriers or else in keep an eye on to the goods to be carried aft(prenominal) they had gone from its own line.Moreover, inside the contract have a hold back from the Grand Trunk Railway Company (defendants), it was stated, they carry the goods form Toronto to Portage la Prairie, Man., it was a place that beyond the station of their line, and the company shall not be resp onsible for any exit, legal injury or delay and grasp that may happen to goods sent by them. If that has be happen ( expiration, damage or delay and detention) after said the goods had arrived at the stations or places on their line nearest to the points or places which they were committed to or beyond their held point of accumulations. what is more for the condition of the contract is provided that no claim for loss, damage, delay or detention of goods should be allowed unless notice in writing with particulars and it was given to the station agent at or nearby to the place of preservation inside cardinal hours after delivery of the goods in order to the claim that was made. The held in this case is because of the condition are not relieve with the company from the obligation for the loss and damage that happened during the goods in transit, even if the loss, damage, delay or detention had happened beyond the limits of the company in that own line.As well as the loss having occurred after the transit was over, and the goods delivered at Portage la Prairie, and the financial obligation of the company as carriers having ceased, this condition reduced the contract to one of mere bailment as before long as the goods were delivered, and also exempted the company from liability as warehousemen, and the goods were from that time in keeping of the company on whose line Portage la Prairie was place and it was as an bailees for the goods.That a plea setting up non-compliance with this condition having been demurred to, and the plaintiff not having appealed against a judgment over-ruling the demurrer, the question as to the sufficiency in rightfulness of the defense was res judicata.Likewise for the part of the consignment having been lost such notice should have been given in keep to the same within thirty-six hours after the delivery of the goods which arrived in safety.Finally it was be an natural deed against the Grand Trunk Railway Co. and the Canadian Pacific Railway Company jointly for damages caused by injury to the plaintiffs goods that carry on the Grand Trunk for carriage of goods from Toronto to Manitoba. The goods were only carried by the Grand Trunk over a portion of the route and by the Canadian Pacific from Winnipeg to the place of consignment, and they were in the developed ownership of the latter company when injured. And because of the damage to the goods was not disputed, but the defendants claimed that they were carried under a special contract, by the terms of which they were relieved from liability.b) Briefly explain the party that have the liability to be apt under the carriage by rail?The rail carrier has the liability to be liable for the loss, damage or any delay of the goods that who was under CMR.According to phrase 55 is provided that the railways may run an action to forwarding railway. That is for claim against the railways company due to arising of loss, damage or delay of the goods, and is an acti on that for reclamation of thoroughity of funded under the contact of carriage of goods might be interpreted against the railways which have composed that totality or against to railways on behalf it was collected.Based on Article of 54, that is the action against the railways might be brought by the consignor. If any happen action arising from the contact of carriage of goods, the action might brought by consignor until the consignee was take a proprietorship of the consignment note, accepted the goods from the consignor, or declared he has the right to deliver the goods. Or the action against the railways also can brought by the consignee, when the consignee are take a possession of the consignment note, accepted the goods, declared his right or he had been provided that he has the right of action that shall be quenched from the time when a person was entitled by the consignee.However, if they might brought an action against the railways, consignor shall to stupefy the duplicate of the consignment note, because that will be an evidence that he bewilder an authorisation from the consignee or deliver resistant that the consignee has refused to accept the consignment note, or the consignee shall to produce the consignment note if it has been furnished terminated to him.In addition, that Article of 36 that is the extent of the liability. The railways has a number of exclusion from the liability. In fact the railways shall to be liable for the loss, damage or delay of the goods, and occasioning from the total or some of the partial of loss, damage or delay from the consignor or between the time that had acceptance for carried out the goods loading and the time delivery and inherent vice of the goods such as defective packaging, decay of the goods or wastage.The railway company shall be relieved of such liability when the loss, damage or delays or the goods that had carried, due by the cause of fault on part of the person entitled, or by the person that entitle d other than as termination of a fault on the part of the railway which the railway could not avoided and which is unable to prevent the consequence.For instance, under the agreement between the consignor and the railway in the consignment note, the goods should be under the condition that applicable that had been stated in consignment note, any absence seizure or lack of the filler of the good which by their nature shall be liable to loss or damage when the goods was not packed or not be properly packed, or defective loading that had been carried by the consignor, any irregular, incorrect or any incomplete description of the article not been acceptable for carriage or acceptable matter to conditions or ill on part of the consignor to observe the prescribed protections in respect of article acceptable matter to conditions, or the carriage of the live animal and what stated in the consignment note must be attended by any attendant, if the loss, damage or delay of the goods had bee n resulted in the danger of the attendant was intended to obviate, all the circumstance, the railway shall be relieved of the liability when it was cause in resulted in loss, damage or delay of the goods.For use in the case of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. v. Canadian content Railway Co., Rainbow industrial Caterers Ltd. v. Canadian depicted object Railway Co., 1991, see as well the case of Grand Trunk Railway Co. of Canada v. McMillan 1889.Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. v. Canadian national Railway Co.In this case the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd is the plaintiff and Canadian subject Railway Company is the defendant in the cases.The fact in the case was as an import of a train derailment cargo owned by the plaintiff was severely damaged. The cargo was being accepted under a crucify Transportation Agreement between the plaintiff and Fujitrans as a freight forwarder. The goods made in Japan and were carried by sea to Vancouver where it was discharged for get on carria ge to Ontario by rail.Furthermore, the defendant rail carrier assumed, pursuant to air division 137(1) of the Canada Transportation Act, S.C. 1996 and an agreement between Casco, another freight forwarder, that it was entitled to limit its liability to $50,000. However the rail carrier was entitled to limit his liability.The held in the case is which is the right of the defendant as a rail carrier to limit its liability depends on it establishing the existence of a confidential contract under ss. 126 and 137 of the Canada Transportation Act that is a written agreement sign(a) by the shipper and that contains a limitation of liability. The shipper within the meaning of the Canada Transportation Act in the circumstances of this case was Casco not the plaintiff.In addition, the requirement of a signed copy of the agreement does not necessarily require that an actual contracted copy be produced. In this case, the existence of signed consignment of the agreement was sufficient. The pla intiff impliedly or expressly agreed to and authorized the subcontracting by Fujitrans to Casco and by Casco to the rail carrier.Moreover, the plaintiff had express awareness of the terms of the agreement between Casco and the rail carrier. Accordingly, the plaintiff is guaranteed by the limitation even without any private of contract between it and the rail carrier.Rainbow Industrial Caterers Ltd. v. Canadian National Railway Co., 1991In this case the Rainbow Industrial Caterers Ltd as an appellate provided Canadian National Railway Company as a defendant in the cases.The fact in the cases is actually they have two divergent industrial caterers, both of them is from Albert and in BC, and they was joined and administer as one entity that called as Rainbow. Canadian National Railway Company decided to call for tender for the catering of the meals and service for all the work of crews on a nation-wide basis for the good weather work period in 1985. It had foreshadowd that 1,092,50 0 meals that will be required. Canadian National Railway Company was notified to Rainbow that the meals are total expected to be 85% of the values listed in the tender document, after the Rainbow was made the bids at $4.94 per meal. It was caused the Rainbow was to increase its bid to $5.02 per meals.As a result that the Rainbow was accumulate that it was losings month by month, because of the number that the meals required was very less than the number given as by the Canadian National Railway Company, and it was caused the Rainbow lost about $1,000,000 on the contact and sued to Canadian National Railway Company. Rainbow was brought an action in tort on the basis of absorbed misstatement and magic in the contact. It is mean that was a breach of the contact and indifferent misstatement.The held in the cases is the appellant is looking for the damages in an action for the preoccupied of misrepresentation is entitled to be put in the position, which if the misrepresentation had not been made. Thus, in tort of action the object is to put the appellant in the position that would have been in if the tort had not been committed. The position would have been is a matter that the appellant must to establish on a balance of the probabilities.However the Canadian National Railway Company was debate that the much of the losses was not caused by the negligent misrepresentation and would have been suffered even had the estimated was accurate. Canadian National Railway Company position is that the losses caused by the conduct that cannot be recoverable in the misrepresentation claim.But, the Canadian National Railway Company is bore the burden of proving the Rainbow would have a bid even if the estimate had been accurate. That was not being proved and it is taken as a fact that the Rainbow would not have to contract had the estimate been accurate. The conduct would not have occurred if there had been no contracted and these losses are causally and directly connected to the contract and the contact is causally connected to the negligent misrepresentation.Finally, this damage was foreseeable and there are not remote. The court was not satisfied that the Rainbow would have entered into the contract in the absence of the misrepresentation, so the damages claimed by the Rainbow were predictable.Furthermore the appellant may contest that all its losses on the contract were caused by the negligent misrepresentation but if it is shown that the loss was caused by factors other than the misrepresentation, and then the chain of precedent is miserable down. Generally, the plaintiff establishes a prima facie case by proving losses resulting from the contract. But the defendant may demonstrate that the chain of causation was broken by. For instance that the appellant was acts in own, the acts of ternion parties, or other factors different to the circuitous misrepresentation. Tort responsibility is based on mistake, and losses not caused by the defendan ts fault cannot be charged to it. It is for the appellant in constricting to make appropriate allowance for contingency such as conditions. The plaintiff may also have claim against third parties who cause it loss.To strengthen, the plaintiffs losses may have been caused by the respondent in negligent misrepresentation, or other wrongful acts or omissions of the respondent, whether in negligence or breach of contract and the plaintiffs acts or errors, the acts of third parties, factors unrelated to the faulted every the plaintiffs or the defendant. Trial judge wrongly held that all the appellant contract losses must be certified to and made no findings with respect to the other potential, in spite of the fact that the defendant Canadian National Railway Company led verification on them. These findings must be made if fairness is to be done.

Essay on Tension Essay

The Turn of the ass, which was written in the late nineteenth century, is acclaimed by critics for the build up of tightness and the disbeliefful line that its author, Henry mob, creates throughout the romancela. throng achieves this by exploiting several characters and features of the book. throng manipulates the prologue of the novella by creating a free radical of listeners who argon in expected value for the business relationship progress much the character who narrates the narrative is not immediately able to retrieve the manuscript, this deliberate windy down of tempo, builds suspense preceding the tale and it prep ars the reader for a thrilling story.The setting of the novella is as well as used to build automatic teller machine, a technique that James on a regular basis employs is contrasting a moment of tranquil with unity of danger. This produces a penetrative difference and thus makes the scene of peril verifym even more than suspenseful. The ghosts of l ouver and Jessel are mayhap the largest contributors to the atmosphere and tension within the novel James uses both ghosts to create a threat to the children which causes tremendous tension and it is the central plot in the book.The children themselves are also manipulated by James to create atmosphere, their behaviour is continually reiterated as perfect and virtuous to such an extent that the reader is closely persuaded to think that their is something not quite inborn about them. James uses the prologue to introduce the story and also to create a suspenseful atmosphere about what is to follow. During the prologue there are a group of guests who James uses to create tension. These listeners evidently enjoy listening to stories, especially if they remove ghosts and aversion. sufficiently snorkelless, no comment was uttered are phrases which are used to describe their attitude towards the stories, clearly conveying the interest and avidity that the guests and frame narrator confuse for the stories being told. The listeners create an atmosphere of preparation for the story which is very effective since James readers might also attend this feeling. The character of Douglas plays a pivotal to the build up of tension in the prologue.Upon the first mention of his story, he plays on the emotions of the listeners by continually reiterating how slimy and marvelous the story that he has all of them asking in anticipation for is. It is quite too horrible, nothing at all that I know touches it Douglas is gradually building up the suspense before his story by mentioning how horrible it is, this feeling of impending disaster that the other guests wait in buoyant expectancy for, before knowing the full dilate of the story adds to an atmosphere of suspense.The combined facts that the manuscript has to be sent for and further compounded by the knowledge that is locked away also contributes to the same effect, the lengthen wait for the manuscript adds to a feeli ng of avidness for the story and also the fact that it is locked away has cryptive connotations which suggest that its contents are so terrible that it must be kept away from the world. By now it seems that Douglas appears to have his listeners transfixed upon him and have necessity to listen to his story.The interjection, oh how delicious which was cried by one of the women present the term delicious possibly infers a feeling which is al to the highest degree desperation for the story. Likewise the way, in which the audience gives a unanimous emit, when the telling of the tale is delayed suggests that they long to hear the story. This deliberate slow down, builds up the tension to what the audience and reader are prepared for a gruelling tale. The gradual build up of suspense through the prologue preludes the main(prenominal) story, in stray to exemplify an atmosphere of anticipation and discernment of what is to follow.James now uses the setting of the novella to create tensio n. He allows us to see into the Governess mind and we, like her anticipate Bly to be a place of dread since she had expected something so melancholy. It is usual for one to expect that a large country estate which is the setting of a ghost story will be isolated, old and gothic. James cleverly manipulates our assumptions to create an atmosphere of tension. Instead of the gothic building that we expect, we are introduced to something much more harming the Governess upon her arrival is affectd and delighted at what she sees what greeted me was a good surpriseI remember as a most pleasant scene. This peaceful setting lulls the reader into a false sense of security, moreover at the back of our minds is the idea from the prologue that the story will be wretched which makes the reader suspicious of the circumstances surrounding the following events thus creating an atmosphere of tension. This same technique is used before the mental institution of Peter Quint. In the pages preceding his apparition there is a vivid description of an idyllic setting such as the beauty and dignity of the place halcyon sky.James does this in order to produce a perspicacious contrast when the ghost appears, making the emergence of the ghost more of a shock and therefore more terrify for his audience. With the ghost of Peter Quint now firmly entrenched within the story, James uses him as a key contributor for creating an atmosphere of tension. James uses Miss Groses repugnant presentation of Quint while he was alive in order to create tension. She describes him as Impudent and depraved, spoiled, these quotations give a negative impression of Quint and portray him as an antagonist.However perhaps worst of all he is also related by Grose as clever and deep, exemplifying him as calculating and sinister. Because of his negative introduction the reader is therefore continually persuaded to think of Quint as a dangerous to the children. Upon each appearance Quint is seen ambient to t he Governess and hence in turn more threatening and horrifying. Additionally each time Quint appears he is closer to the children, leading us to suspect that his apparitions are with some miscellanea of intention rather than random.As a result of our perception of him as somebody dangerous and also because he is getting closer and closer to the governess, the reader feels the suspense gradually building since we see him as a threat to both the Governess and the children. The first time she sees him he is distanced at the acquit of a tower although still narrating the scene as stricken with stopping point suggesting dread, horror and fear. The second time there is only a windowpane separating them and the governess by saying A nearness thatMade me catch my breath and turn cold, makes the point clear that it was the closeness that made it more fearsome. However on the third appearance which is described as the most formidable, they are adjacent to one another, it is this that made the experience so terrifying according to the governess, At such close quarters that gave the whole horror. By making Quint continually more frightful James creates tension because the reader is constantly anticipating more horrifying encounters.

Business of Data Warehousing Foundations Essay

administrator SummarymySupermarket is a grocery give awayping and comparison web order which aims to provide customers with the opera hat impairment for their shop. This accoun stop buoyg examines how selective info storehouse provided mySupermarket with the foundation in which to sort a successful enterprise, and allowed a subsequent expansion into the occupation comprehension sector. The re anticipate draws attention to the problems and limitations that mySupermarket encountered including coping with diverse sources of entropy menstruums, customer trueness issues, achieving real- snip selective selective information, entropy unity and generating a sustain competent revenue stream. These problems were tackled individually with public figureing their own info w behouse, adopting a CRM scheme underpinned by their w behouse, adopting Microsofts SQL softw ar, supermarket web place crawling, offering targeted advertising space and the realisation that the tweedi ness of detail they offered, would allow them to expand into the military control intelligence sector.The report appreciates the immenseness of storing entropy, but concludes that information itself is the prerequisite to success, and that wakeless management is needed to switch over this data into meaningful information. It is hence a combination of data wareho hold and good management that has en fittingd mySupermarket to become a successful venture.IntroductionOn the 31st August 2006, entrepreneur Johnny Stern received a seven-figure sum from investors to transform the way consumers shop for their groceries. From this, the damage comparison site mySupermarket.co.uk was born and the corporation has utilised data warehousing to give consumers get to to cheaper grocery shopping. The venture has non been without its problems, however quaternity-spot years on the company has withstood Adam Smiths Invisible Hand1 and big into a c.10m companymySupermarket is a grocery sho pping and comparison site that allows customers to compare and shop from four main UK supermarkets in angiotensin converting enzyme primeval place. Their mission statement is to get the scoop possible price for your supermarket trolley car while enjoying an easier and much consumer-friendly shopping experience. Through the use of SQL and data warehousing, mySupermarket is able to collect product pricing, promotion and availability data right away from retailers websites. It then uses its proprietary technology to match identical Stock retention Units (SKUs) across retailers. After initial investment from Greylock Partners and Pitango Venture Capital (investors in Facebook & ampere LinkedIn), mySupermarket have faced the same difficulties as a nonher(prenominal) price comparison sites in generating a sustainable revenue stream later on Stern declared that the portal would remain free in principle for shoppers.The customer proposition for mySupermarket is to number 1 log in to their account. Then choose which supermarket to shop at from Asda, Ocado/Waitrose, Sainsbury or Tesco. Tick their preferred supermarket and choose a deli very(prenominal) time/date, then start to shop. mySupermarket is updated on a daily hindquarters so that the prices shown are the most competitive. Once the customer has make their election of store, they start to shop by using the tabbed excerptions along the top of the page. These are divided up into virtual aisles so making a choice from Fruit and Veg, Meat, Fish & Poul look for, or Drinks etc. Once shopping has been completed, it then shows basket prices across the four supermarkets and allows the customer an opportunity to switch supermarkets.This report will critically discuss how data warehousing has enabled mySupermarket to build a successful business model including the benefits and problems that have arisen from the use of this technology. The report will finally analyse the extent to which data warehousing has contributed to mySupermarkets success.Technologies DiscussedAccording to Bill Inmon2 (1993) data warehousing crapper be delineate as, a subject-orientated, integrated, time variant and non-volatile, collection of data in run on of the management decision making process. It is, in essence, a plumping data storage facility which enables an enterprise to gain a competitive advantage by means of analytics and business intelligence. Providing integrated access to multiple, distributed, heterogeneous databases and other information sources has become one of the leading issues in database research and industry, IEEE computer (1991) which can be seen through with(predicate) the success of head start American potbelly (FAC), Cooper et al (2000) and Tesco/Dunnhumby, J. Perry (2009).Data mining is the process of digging-out patterns from data, usually through Clustering, Classification, Regression and Association rule learning. Data mining technology can generate parvenu business opportunities by providing alter prediction of trends and behaviours. Automated discovery of previously unknown or hidden patterns D. Champion and C. Coombs (2010)This process is carried out by sophisticated software packages such as Oracle, IBM and SQL. This alleviates the (potentially) very time consuming task of manually inputting and analysing the dataWithin data warehousing, there is a towering importance placed on the persona of data, as without it, meaningful analysis is impossible. Data collection should therefore be taken with a high level of detail, and have solid definitions, as to avoid subjectivity.The purpose of a data warehouse is to support productive strategic decision making through a greater grossness of information with a consistent view of whats happening.Customer kind Management (CRM) emerged in the 1990s at a time when customers were proper better informed and less brand loyal. CRM is an desegregation of technologies and business processes use to sa tisfy the needs of a customer during any interaction, Bose (2002, p. 89) and is underpinned by data warehousing. As with VISION in the FAC case (2000), the subsequent benefits of CRM, is that firms are able to exploit the 8020 principle which states that some customers are more important/profitable than others. These information sources can only come through data warehousing and data mining.mySupermarket The BeginningThe inspiration for mySupermarket came from Sterns bargain-obsessed elderly relative who would scour the aisles of Tescos to find his favourite tin of baked beans, jot down the price and travel to competitor stores to try and find a better deal. Stern identified the festering concern in online grocery shopping and felt that it was an area that could be use (Fig. 1). assure 1 Mintel Intelligence Online Grocery DataStern spend 18 months before the launch developing the software and tweaking the concept (Fig. 2).Figure 2 Adaption of Martin et al., 2005 193The dat a warehouse was developed through crawling3 the four supermarket websites and tot uping product pricing, promotion and availability data to the warehouse. Once this data was implement in the warehouse, proprietary technology and SQL software allowed mySupermarket to match identical SKUs across retailers. This data was also utilize in developing its CRM strategy through the use of cookies4 to store data in the customers computer using the functionality of their browser to find out whether the computer has visited the site before and what SKUs they purchased. This enables us to give way an efficient help and to track the patterns of behaviour of visitors to the website. mysupermarket.co.uk. The feature enables mySupermarket to utilize this information by creating functions such as a Regular take a crap button, saving customers time on their shopping.mySupermarket ProblemsMany problems can arise through the use of data warehousing, both technically and commercially. According t o Mintel Intelligence (2009), Consumer trueness is fairly low in the price comparison market with more than 14 one thousand thousand tidy sum (c.58% of market) having used three or more different price comparison sites. Underlying these efforts was the recognition that, to succeed with this strategy, it must know its customers exceptionally well and leverage that knowledge in website design, proceeds and interaction with their clients. mySupermarket would therefore have to find a strategy to retain a loyal customer base in a nonoriously disloyal sector.Kimball & Ross (2002) state that a common pitfall of data warehousing is to simulate that the business, its ingestments, analytics, underlying data and supporting technology are static an premature problem mySupermarket encountered was the variation in regional pricing and a growing demand for real-time data.A nonher problem with data warehousing is ensuring the integrity of data, this is typically a adult male procedure and so subject to human error. Even the most sophisticated data mining systems cannot produce good analysis from poor data. A good illustration of this is from Blastard and Dilnot The Tiger That Isnt where a hospital survey found that an alarming amount of perseverings were organism born on the 11th noneember 1911. Further investigation showed that nurses often would not fill in patient files properly and to save time, when asked to enter patient D.O.B. they would type 11/11/11 into the database. No matter how ingenious a computer system is, if you put garbage-in you will get garbage-out.Beynon-Davies (2004) states that data warehousing projects are large scale development projects typically pickings up to three years to complete. Some of the challenges of such problems may allow selecting, installing and integrating the different hardware and software and also, the diverse sources of data feeding a data warehouse introduces problems of design in damage of creating a homogenous data store.Finally, as with all comparison sites, the major(ip) obstacle facing mySupermarket was generating a sustainable revenue stream from the database they had accumulated. mySupermarket.co.uk did not generate any revenue 5 months after the website went live. Originally, mySupermarket didnt operate a search advertisement scheme (a central platform for companies such as Google eg, BP knuckle undering for advertising of their oil spill cleanup when people typed in BP Oil Spill G. Cheeseman, 2010) . There are also no revenue-sharing agreements in place with the four stores whose prices it monitors in effort to remain independent. This, in part, may stem from mySupermarkets limited market, consisting of a comparison of groceries. mySupermarket accepted that they would have to expand their focus if they were to generate a large decent turnover to operate a successful business.mySupermarket Technological concernThe offset printing problem mySupermarket addressed was the i ndustries poor customer loyalty. They decided to ravish this through the implementation of a CRM strategy. After the initial launch, mySupermarket was receiving feedback from customers regarding such things as healthy options, promotions on offer, printable shopping propensitys and regular shops. mySupermarket realised that the information stored in their data warehouse could be exploited to meet these demands and append customer utility. Subsequently, a Health Checker feature was launched establish on the Food Standard Authoritys approved traffic agility system. In November 2008, the mySupermarket Quick Shop function was added, allowing users to type their shopping list on a virtual notepad and find their required items in one go.As delivery slots started running out towards Christmas we also introduced a new print your shopping list feature, which was popular, said Stern. A lot of our shoppers are using the website as a quick way to find the best deals and are then going to th e supermarket to make their purchases. Recent analysis of visits shows mysupermarket.co.uk has a loyal repeat following, with Stern claiming visitors are spending an average of 20 minutes on the site.Until recently, there were few viable tools to provide real-time data warehousing nor an absolutely current picture of an organizations business and customer J. Vandermay (2001). To combat the problem of achieving real-time and regional data, mySupermarket used Microsofts SQL software5. Most data integration solutions focus on woful data only between homogeneous systems and database software. However, SQL integration is capable of touching data among a wide range of databases and systems. It also offers transformational data integration tools to consolidate and synchronize heterogeneous data into a warehouse. This allows consumers to view whether a certain item is in stock in their local store, or view delivery slots for their specific region. This real-time data saves the mySuper market team having to continually update the warehouse manually.Fortunately for mySupermarket, their website crawling technique allows them to take the SKU data directly from the supermarkets themselves. Therefore data will only be wrong, if the supermarket has made the mistake (so would have to sell the item at that price) and so mySupermarket would not be liable.Although Stern took half the time recommended by Beynon-Davies, the warehouse has had to be continuously tweaked since its launch. After its launch mySupermarket noticed a data stream that wasnt universe filtered into the data warehouse calories. After the realisation, mySupermarket were able to add a calorie counter function on to the website.For any business to survive, it needs to generate a revenue stream to achieve a sustainable cash flowmySupermarket were able to negotiate with supermarkets a guardianship of 5 for each first-time buyer that shops through their site and 1 every time thereafter. Other sources of re venue came from the use of advertising, which could be split into deuce different segments on-site and search-related advertising. Marks & Spencer (Fig. 3) are one company that has chosen to advertise with mySupermarket.co.uk as the content is relevant and it is independent from the four supermarkets creation compared. Advertisers will typically pay $1.00 $1.50 per 1,000 run-of-site impressions for the advertising placement. However, advertisers may pay even more for targeted sidebar advertisements. Search advertisements are targeted to match expose search terms entered on the search engine, these products (advertisements) will then appear first in the search. Danone (Fig. 3) has paid for advertisement when the search term yoghurt is entered, and so their umbrella brands (eg, Activia) show at the top of the list, increasing its probability of being bought.Figure 3 mySupermarket.co.uk advertising exampleDue to the amount of data mining available to mySupermarket, an opport unity was identified for expansion, called mySupermarket insights. It acts as real-time B2B data service for the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector. As mySupermarket has access to SKU by SKU trends, it is able to offer extremely high level, intelligent data. The services it offers include upstart Product Development (NPD) alert reports, Online auditing reports, Price comparison reports, Product exchange report and Customer profiling reports (allowing for further use of CRM through crew analysis6). This sort of information is of high value to companies and a subscription to the service can range from 5,000 20,000p.a. (current clients include Kelloggs, Innocent Smoothies, Nielson and Ellas Kitchen).Finally, mySupermarket is often undertake by media companies, such as the Independent to analyse trends for news stories J. Burchill (2010).I feel that information is now widely recognised as being one of the key corporate resources, needing to be carefully managed so that it ca n be effectively utilised in the decision-making process. Timely, accurate and relevant information can only be generated, however, if corporate data is stored in a secure, accessible and flexible manner.The following table provides a summary of the trespass that data warehousing technology had for mySupermarketFigure 6 Technological Impact SummarymySupermarket ConclusionTo conclude, data warehousing has enabled mySupermarket to overcome issues such as customer retention, real-time data and generating revenue. It really does appear that information is key, whereby data is the prerequisite for information. J. Poole et al. (2003) state the underlying economic moreoverification is in conclusion based on the value a given technology provides to the customers of the cipher systems and software products and so the determinate of mySupermarkets success is essentially based on whether people use the technology and the value of the company. ground on an monthly unique user level o f 1 million, and 500k registered users turn of events over c.10m, we can assume that at this point in time mySupermarket is justified economically.On the other hand, you could argue that mySupermarket is a recession business and not a sustainable enterprise. In which case, the rapid growth in recent years could be due to the economic climate and not because there is a long term demand.Looking towards the future, Our investors have internationalist ambitions, Stern said. They see the potential of transporting the model to different markets. mySupermarket are feel to expand the companys development team to support its opening into Europe and the US. mySupermarket are currently looking for another round of accompaniment to bridge G. Murrays (1994) second equity gap. Technology firms often require follow on development funding, as cash is firmly plowed into Prototype testing and Research & Development. In terms of an exit, mySupermarket would be very attractive to major FMCG co mpanies such as P&G, Unilever and Krafts venture arms. I conceptualize that mySupermarket will achieve their second round funding as they are now profitable and have a proven concept that has high growth prospects for the future.Over the past few years there has been a huge growth in the use of numbers and analytics. Businesses are recognising that it is not enough to work harder than the competition they also have to work smarter. Davenport (2006) argues that it is about impossible to differentiate yourself from competitors based on products alone and so to retract ahead of the pack, businesses need to compete on analytics. In which case, mySupermarket insights is poised in a perfect position to capitalize on this new disposition for business intelligence, whereby companies feel that they will have to subscribe to the service to compete on an even playing field.However, it is not enough to just store data, it has to be managed, analyzed, implemented and utilised to conve rt raw data into real information. mySupermarket realised the benefits of data warehousing and were able to exploit this, expanding from a mere price-comparison site to a business intelligence provider to major FMCG companies. I believe that with the current shift towards analytics and business intelligence, mySupermarket has the potential to be a major force in the FMCG sector whilst offering a greater transparency for customers, all of which stems from good management and data warehousing.ReferencesBeyon-Davies, P (2004) Database Systems, 3rd edition, Palgrave, Basingstoke, pp. 527-538 and 547-553Bose, R (2002) Customer Relationship Management Key concepts for IT success, Vol. 102, No. 2, pp. 89-97Blastland, M & Dilnot, A (2007) The Tiger That Isnt Seeing a World Through NumbersBurchill, J (Aug 2010) The Independent So the Prince of immature Hypocrites is going on tour. Thank God Ill be abroadCooper et al. (2000) Data Warehousing Supports Corporate Strategy at First Amer ican Corporation Vol. 24, No. 4Champion, D & Coombs, C (2010) Handout BSC070 Enterprise Information SystemsCheeseman, G (June 2010) Triple Pundit Is It respectable For BP To Buy Oil-Spill-Related Google Search Terms?Davenport, T. 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